Phase Separation of Palmitic Acid and Perfluorooctadecanoic Acid in Mixed Langmuir−Blodgett Monolayer Films

Deposition of mixtures of palmitic acid (C15H31COOH) and perfluorooctadecanoic acid (C17F35COOH) onto solid substrates gives rise to irregularly shaped, phase-separated domains under a variety of deposition conditions. The morphology and chemical composition of these phase-separated domains have been investigated using a combination of surface pressure-area isotherms, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoemission electron microscopy, and confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging. While domain morphology and composition in 2D phase-separated mixed monolayer systems can typically be rationalized in terms of an interplay between line tension and dipole-dipole repulsion effects, it was found that for this system additional kinetic factors, including domain growth rates and the rate of dissolution of the fatty acid component into the aqueous subphase, also play a major role in controlling film properties. The potential importance of these effects for the controlled patterning of solid substrates is discussed.