Association of anthropometric measures of obesity and physical activity with cardio-vascular diseases among older adults: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey, 2017–18

Background With the increase in elderly population, the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among Indian older adults is also increasing. The present paper tries to assess how different anthropometric measures of obesity and physical activity affects cardiovascular disease risk among older adults in India. Methods The data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) has been used. The total sample size for the present study is 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression has been used to measure the association of obesity measures and CVD prevalence. Results About 35.2% (n = 11,058) of the older adults suffered from CVD. Moreover, 22.2% (n = 6,217) of the older adults were obese/overweight, 23.7% (n = 6,651) had high risk waist circumference and 77.0% (n = 21,593) had high risk waist-Hip ratio. The likelihood of CVD was 60%, 50%, and 34% significantly higher among older adults who were obese/overweight [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.60; CI: 1.48–1.72], had high risk waist circumference [AOR: 1.50; CI: 1.39–1.62] and high risk waist-Hip ratio [AOR: 1.34; CI: 1.25–1.44], respectively compared to older adults with normal BMI and those who do not have a high risk waist circumference and high risk waist hip ratio. Moreover, older adults who never did physical activity had 22 per cent higher risk of CVD than those who did frequent [AOR: 1.22; CI: 1.13–1.32] physical activity. Conclusion The burden of overweight and obesity along with physical inactivity increases the risk of CVD in older adults. These findings highlight the urgent need for framing direct and indirect strategies to control obesity in order to reduce the burden of CVD among older adults in India.