Traumatic upper plexus palsy: Is the exploration of brachial plexus necessary?

Brachial plexus injuries are major injuries of the upper limb resulting in severe dysfunction usually in young patients. Upper trunk injuries of the brachial plexus account for approximately 45% of brachial plexus injuries. Treatment options for upper trunk brachial plexus injuries include exploration of the plexus and microsurgical repair using nerve grafts or nerve transfers. Several published studies presented the results of both techniques, but there are few studies which compared these two techniques. This article summarizes the treatment options for upper trunk brachial plexus injuries, discusses the merits and demerits of each technique, and presents authors' proposed treatment for these injuries.