ERKEN CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİ ROMANINDA SİNEMANIN İZLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

The Turkish audience had the first opportunity to see motion pictures in 1897 in Beyoğlu (Pera), two years after the first public screening of films in 1895 in Paris. Cinema had rapidly become the most popular means of entertainment in the society in the early 1900s when people welcomed public screenings of movies all around the country and many new movie theaters were opened in big cities, especially in Istanbul. However, since the progress of local cinema was slow due to technical and financial inadequacies as well as cultural matters, these new theaters were predominated by the Hollywood cinema which was a leader in the world film industry during the Early Republican period. Consequently, the social and cultural life in the country had been influenced by American styles and this situation which was associated withmodernization by the majority led to many controversies. This was also an issue in novels of the period that employed an aim of providing social benefits and were characterized by realistic features. This article focuses on novels which were published in the Early Republican period and narratives of the actual time by then. The aim is to identify the ways in which the effects of cinema on the society were treated in these novels. This is also an attempt to detect novelists’ approaches to cinema
ÖZTürk seyircisi, 1895 yılında Paris’te ilk açık gösterimi yapılan sinema ile 1897’de Beyoğlu’nda tanışmıştır. 1908 yılından itibaren başta İstanbul olmak üzere büyük şehirlerde artarda açılan salonlar ve toplu gösterimlerle memleketin hemen her yerine ulaşan sinema, kısa sürede halkın en sevdiği eğlence hâline gelmiştir. Ancak yerli sinemanın teknik ve ekonomik yetersizlikler ile kültürel meseleler dolayısıyla yavaş ilerlemesi sonucu bu salonlar, özellikle Cumhuriyet döneminde tüm dünyada sektörün lideri pozisyonunda olan Hollywood filmlerinin hâkimiyetine girmiştir. Böylece beyazperdenin güçlü etkisiyle sosyal ve kültürel hayata Amerika’nın izleri yansımaya başlamış ve halkın genelinin asrîlik (modernleşme) ile özdeşleştirdiği bu durum, pek çok alanda tartışmalar yaratmış; başlangıcından itibaren büyük ölçüde sosyal faydayı esas alan ve realist özellikler gösteren Türk romanına da mevzuu olmuştur. Sinemanın artık ülkeye tamamen yayıldığı ve kadın erkek eşit şartlarda seyirci kitlesinin olgunlaştığı Erken Cumhuriyet Döneminde neşredilen ve aktüel zamanı anlatan romanlar üzerine kurulan bu makalede, beyazperdenin toplum üzerindeki etkilerinin romana aksedişi tespit edilmeye; bu anlamda ortaya konacak malzemelerle romancıların sinema karşısındaki tavrı belirlenmeye çalışılacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türk romanı, sinema, popüler roman, Server Bedi, Greta Garbo, Hollywood. AN EVALUATION ON THE TREATMENT OF CINEMA IN THE EARLY REPUBLICAN TURKISH NOVELS ABSTRACTThe Turkish audience had the first opportunity to see motion pictures in 1897 in Beyoğlu (Pera), two years after the first public screening of films in 1895 in Paris. Cinema had rapidly become the most popular means of entertainment in the society in the early 1900s when people welcomed public screenings of movies all around the country and many new movie theaters were opened in big cities, especially in Istanbul. However, since the progress of local cinema was slow due to technical and financial inadequacies as well as cultural matters, these new theaters were predominated by the Hollywood cinema which was a leader in the world film industry during the Early Republican period. Consequently, the social and cultural life in the country had been influenced by American styles and this situation which was associated withmodernization by the majority led to many controversies. This was also an issue in novels of the period that employed an aim of providing social benefits and were characterized by realistic features. This article focuses on novels which were published in the Early Republican period and narratives of the actual time by then. The aim is to identify the ways in which the effects of cinema on the society were treated in these novels. This is also an attempt to detect novelists’ approaches to cinema. Keywords: the Early Republican Period Turkish novels, cinema, popular novels, Server Bedi, Greta Garbo, Hollywood.