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Direct comparison of the acute subjective, emotional, autonomic, and endocrine effects of MDMA, methylphenidate, and modafinil in healthy subjects
- Source :
- Psychopharmacology
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017.
-
Abstract
- Rationale 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is used recreationally and investigated as an adjunct to psychotherapy. Methylphenidate and modafinil are psychostimulants that are used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy, respectively, but they are also misused as cognitive enhancers. Little is known about differences in the acute effects of equally cardiostimulant doses of these stimulant-type substances compared directly within the same subjects. Methods We investigated the acute autonomic, subjective, endocrine, and emotional effects of single doses of MDMA (125 mg), methylphenidate (60 mg), modafinil (600 mg), and placebo in a double-blind, cross-over study in 24 healthy participants. Acute drug effects were tested using psychometric scales, the Facial Emotion Recognition Task (FERT), and the Sexual Arousal and Desire Inventory (SADI). Results All active drugs produced comparable hemodynamic and adverse effects. MDMA produced greater increases in pupil dilation, subjective good drug effects, drug liking, happiness, trust, well-being, and alterations in consciousness than methylphenidate or modafinil. Only MDMA reduced subjective anxiety and impaired fear recognition and led to misclassifications of emotions as happy on the FERT. On the SADI, only MDMA produced sexual arousal-like effects. Only MDMA produced marked increases in cortisol, prolactin, and oxytocin. In contrast to MDMA, methylphenidate increased subjective anxiety, and methylphenidate and modafinil increased misclassifications of emotions as angry on the FERT. Modafinil had no significant subjective drug effects but significant sympathomimetic and adverse effects. Conclusions MDMA induced subjective, emotional, sexual, and endocrine effects that were clearly distinct from those of methylphenidate and modafinil at the doses used. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4650-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
medicine.medical_specialty
MDMA
Sexual arousal
Libido
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
Sexual Behavior
Emotions
Modafinil
Autonomic Nervous System
03 medical and health sciences
Young Adult
0302 clinical medicine
Double-Blind Method
mental disorders
medicine
Pupillary response
Humans
Psychiatry
Adverse effect
Original Investigation
Pharmacology
Cross-Over Studies
Methylphenidate
medicine.disease
Healthy Volunteers
030227 psychiatry
3. Good health
Hallucinogens
Anxiety
Central Nervous System Stimulants
Female
Emotion recognition
medicine.symptom
Psychology
Arousal
Facial Recognition
psychological phenomena and processes
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Clinical psychology
medicine.drug
Narcolepsy
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14322072 and 00333158
- Volume :
- 235
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Psychopharmacology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a7a3f0a0a1309fcc3a1dac5217fd640d