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C3 Opsonization of Anthrax Bacterium and Peptidoglycan Supports Recognition and Activation of Neutrophils
- Source :
- Microorganisms, Vol 8, Iss 1039, p 1039 (2020), Microorganisms, Volume 8, Issue 7
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Neutrophils are the most abundant innate cell population and a key immune player against invading pathogens. Neutrophils can kill both bacterium and spores of Bacillus anthracis, the causative anthrax pathogen. Unlike interactions with professional phagocytes, the molecular recognition of anthrax by neutrophils is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of complement C3 deposition on anthrax particles for neutrophil recognition of bacterium and/or its cell wall peptidoglycan, an abundant pathogen-associated molecular pattern that supports anthrax sepsis. C3 opsonization and recognition by complement receptors accounted for 70&ndash<br />80% of the affinity interactions between neutrophils and anthrax particles at subphysiologic temperatures. In contrast, C3 supported up to 50% of the anthrax particle ingestion under thermophysiologic conditions. Opsonin-dependent low affinity interactions and, to a lower extent, opsonin-independent mechanisms, provide alternative entry routes. Similarly, C3 supported 58% of peptidoglycan-induced degranulation and, to a lower extent, 23% of bacterium-induced degranulation. Interestingly, an opsonin independent mechanism mediated by complement C5, likely through C5a anaphylatoxin, primes azurophilic granules in response to anthrax particles. Overall, we show that C3 deposition supports anthrax recognition by neutrophils but is dispensable for pathogen ingestion and neutrophil degranulation, highlighting immune recognition redundancies that minimize the risk of pathogen evasion.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical)
Population
Complement receptor
peptidoglycan
Microbiology
Article
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
neutrophils
Virology
complement
education
C3
Opsonin
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Bacillus anthracis
Complement component 5
education.field_of_study
biology
Chemistry
fungi
Degranulation
anthrax
biology.organism_classification
Antibody opsonization
030104 developmental biology
lcsh:Biology (General)
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Neutrophil degranulation
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20762607
- Volume :
- 8
- Issue :
- 1039
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Microorganisms
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a74e6120658b0be6238ccb005c244945