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The Hydro-Economic Interdependency of Cities: Virtual Water Connections of the Phoenix, Arizona Metropolitan Area
- Source :
- Sustainability, Vol 7, Iss 7, Pp 8522-8547 (2015), Sustainability, Volume 7, Issue 7, Pages 8522-8547
- Publication Year :
- 2015
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2015.
-
Abstract
- Water footprinting has revealed hydro-economic interdependencies between distant global geographies via trade, especially of agricultural and manufactured goods. However, for metropolitan areas, trade not only entails commodity flows at many scales from intra-municipal to global, but also substantial intra-metropolitan flows of the skilled labor that is essential to a city’s high-value economy. Virtual water flows between municipalities are directly relevant for municipal water supply policy and infrastructure investment because they quantify the hydro-economic dependency between neighboring municipalities. These municipalities share a physical water supply and also place demands on their neighbors’ water supplies by outsourcing labor and commodity production outside the municipal and water supply system boundary to the metropolitan area. Metropolitan area communities span dense urban cores to fringe agricultural towns, spanning a wide range of the US hydro-economy. This study quantifies water footprints and virtual water flows of the complete economy of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area’s municipalities. A novel approach utilized journey to work data to estimate virtual water flows embedded in labor. Commodities dominate virtual water flows at all scales of analysis, however labor is shown to be important for intra-metropolitan virtual water flows. This is the first detailed water footprint analysis of Phoenix, an important city in a water-scarce region. This study establishes a hydro-economic typology for communities to define several niche roles and decision making points of view. This study’s findings can be used to classify communities with respect to their relative roles, and to benchmark future improvements in water sustainability for all types of communities. More importantly, these findings motivate cooperative approaches to intra-metropolitan water supply policy that recognize the hydro-economic interdependence of these municipalities and their shared interest in ensuring a sustainable and resilient hydro-economy for all members of the metropolitan area.
- Subjects :
- urban metabolism
Geography, Planning and Development
Commodity
TJ807-830
Water supply
coupled natural-human systems
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
TD194-195
Renewable energy sources
jel:Q
urban water footprint
virtual water
water infrastructure
commodity flows
metropolitan area
cooperative water resources management
science of cities
economic networks
socio-hydrology
hydro-economics
11. Sustainability
Economics
GE1-350
Environmental planning
Urban metabolism
Environmental effects of industries and plants
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
business.industry
Environmental resource management
Virtual water
jel:Q0
jel:Q2
15. Life on land
jel:Q3
Metropolitan area
jel:Q5
Environmental sciences
Socio-hydrology
jel:O13
jel:Q56
Journey to work
business
Water use
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 20711050
- Volume :
- 7
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Sustainability
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a65b9b89efc18129d189c34ff277c4d1