Justicia liberal: teleología y cosmovisión

espanolLa doctrina filosofica y economica de la “mano invisible” fue formulada por el filosofo escoces Adam Smith (1723-1790), quien es hoy considerado uno de los mayores exponentes de la economia clasica, como asi tambien el padre de la economia politica. Su obra capital es La riqueza de las naciones. La tesis principal de su obra es que la clave del bienestar social radica en el crecimiento economico y este se potencia mediante una adecuada division del trabajo y la competencia entre seres humanos libres, iguales y relativamente egoistas. Aqui se analiza como ello surgio durante la Modernidad, e incluso profundizando en la escolastica tardia, rastreando en Ockham sus remotos origenes, la doctrina liberal de los derechos y de la seguridad; en definidas cuentas, la idea de justicia y la cosmovision que la sostiene. En el interregno de ambas epocas no es posible eludir el hecho contundente de la transformacion del derecho natural en derecho positivo y su impacto en la politica, la sociologia y la economia. Esta escuela se completa y aplica mayormente a la economia y la teoria social contemporaneas con el desenlace teorico sobre la teoria liberal de la justicia que desarrollo John Rawls, especialmente entre los anos 1971-1995. A estas conexiones y su critica nos dedicaremos en lo que sigue. EnglishThe philosophical and economic doctrine of the "Invisible Hand" was formulated by the Scottish philosopher Adam Smith (1723-1790), who is considered one of the greatest exponents of classical economics, as well as the father of political economy. His capital work is The Wealth of Nations. The main thesis of his work is that the key to social welfare lies in economic growth and this is enhanced by an adequate division of labor and competition between free, equal and relatively selfish human beings. Here we analyze how it emerged during Modernity, and even deepening in the last scholastic tracing in Ockham its remote origins, the liberal doctrine of rights and security, in definite accounts, the idea of justice and the worldview that sustains it. In the interregnum of both ages, it is not possible to avoid the convincing fact of the transformation of natural law into positive law and its impact on politics, sociology and economics. This school completes and applies mainly to contemporary economics and social theory with the theoretical outcome on the liberal theory of justice developed by John Rawls, especially between the years 1971-1995. We will dedicate ourselves to these connections and their criticism in what follows.