A Machine Learning approach to predict surgical learning curves

Background Contemporary surgical training programs rely on the repetition of selected surgical motor tasks. Such methodology is inherently open ended with no control on the time taken to attain a set level of proficiency, given the trainees’ intrinsic differences in initial skill levels and learning abilities. Hence, an efficient training program should aim at tailoring the surgical training protocols to each trainee. In this regard, a predictive model using information from the initial learning stage to predict learning curve characteristics should facilitate the whole surgical training process. Methods This paper analyzes learning curve data to train a multivariate supervised machine learning model. One factor is extracted to define the trainees’ learning ability. An unsupervised machine learning model is also utilized for trainee classification. When established, the model can predict robustly the learning curve characteristics based on the first few trials. Results We show that the information present in the first 10 trials of surgical tasks can be utilized to predict the number of trials required to achieve proficiency ( R 2 = 0.72 ) and the final performance level ( R 2 = 0.89 ). Furthermore, only a single factor, learning index, is required to describe the learning process and to classify learners with unique learning characteristics. Conclusion Using machine learning models, we show, for the first time, that the first few trials contain sufficient information to predict learning curve characteristics and that a single factor can capture the complex learning behavior. Using such models holds the potential for personalization of training regimens, leading to greater efficiency and lower costs.