Philosophy and jurisprudence in Dante Alighieri: paths to the legal thinking of a literary author

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo realizar a construção do pensamento jurídico de Dante Alighieri sob a perspectiva da filosofia e da ciência do direito contemporâneas. O estudo encontra-se dividido em três capítulos e baseia suas premissas elaboradas pela filosofia hermenêutica acerca da indistinção ontológica entre textos jurídicos e literários. No primeiro capítulo, destinado à análise histórica, procuro traçar os contornos gerais do cenário político em que Dante estava inserido, caracterizados como os condicionantes objetivos de sua visão de mundo, e a expor a gênese e o desenvolvimento de suas ideias político-jurídicas. No segundo capítulo, abordo a maneira com que Dante procura conceber um ordenamento ético e jurídico na Commedia, sob a forma da gradação entre as penas e recompensas atinentes aos pecadores e aos beatos, e exponho os fundamentos de sua hermenêutica literária-jurídica, revelados diante da aplicação do ordenamento ao caso-concreto. This dissertation aims to construct the legal thought of Dante Alighieri from the perspective of contemporary philosophy of law and jurisprudence. This study is divided into three chapters and bases its premises on the ontological indistinction elaborated by hermeneutical philosophy between legal and literary texts. In the first chapter, destined to historical analysis, I sought to draw the general outlines of the political context in which Dante was inserted, deemed as the objective conditioning of his world view, and to expose the genesis and development of his legal and political ideas. In the second chapter, I deal with the General Theory of State formulated by Dante from a dogmatic perspective, mainly characterized by his monarchical ideal, by the ethical purpose of the secular power and by the division of competences between universal and local ordinances. In the third chapter, I address the way in which Dante seeks to conceive na ethical and juridical order in the Commedia, in the form of the gradation between the penalties and rewards for sinners and also seek to expound the foundations of his legal and literary hermeneutics, which is revelead by the application of the legal order on a concrete case.