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Diabetic Neuropathy: Update on Pathophysiological Mechanism and the Possible Involvement of Glutamate Pathways
- Source :
- Current Diabetes Reviews. 13
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2017.
-
Abstract
- Introduction Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes. It adversely affects the lives of most diabetics. It is the leading cause of non-traumatic limb amputation. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy can target any system and increases morbidity and mortality. Treatment begins with adequate glycemic control but despite this, many patients go on to develop neuropathy which suggests there are additional and unidentified, as yet, pathological mechanisms in place. Although several theories exist, the exact mechanisms are not yet established. Disease modifying treatment requires a more complete understanding of the mechanisms of disease. Pathways Involved: This review discusses the potential pathological mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy, including the polyol pathway, hexosamine pathway, protein kinase C, advanced glycation end product formation, polyADP ribose polymerase, and the role of oxidative stress, inflammation, growth factors and lipid abnormalities. Finally it focuses on how possible changes in glutamate signaling pathways fit into the current theories. Conclusion Insights into the mechanisms involving gene expression in diabetic neuropathy can help pinpoint genes with altered expression. This will help in the development of novel alternative therapeutic strategies to significantly slow the progression of neuropathy in susceptible individuals and perhaps even prevention.
- Subjects :
- Glycation End Products, Advanced
Diabetic neuropathy
Polymers
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Glutamic Acid
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Inflammation
Disease
Bioinformatics
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Endocrinology
Polyol pathway
Diabetic Neuropathies
Diabetes mellitus
Animals
Humans
Medicine
Protein Kinase C
Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy
business.industry
Mechanism (biology)
Hexosamines
medicine.disease
Oxidative Stress
chemistry
Advanced glycation end-product
medicine.symptom
business
Metabolic Networks and Pathways
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15733998
- Volume :
- 13
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Current Diabetes Reviews
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a47d60d64e32ae2d1068267e78fb31d4