Back to Search
Start Over
Role of sphingolipids in the biogenesis and biological activity of extracellular vesicles
- Source :
- Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 59, Iss 8, Pp 1325-1340 (2018)
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2018.
-
Abstract
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles released by both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells; they not only serve physiological functions, such as disposal of cellular components, but also play pathophysiologic roles in inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Common molecular mechanisms for EV biogenesis are evident in different cell biological contexts across eukaryotic phyla, and inhibition of this biogenesis may provide an avenue for therapeutic research. The involvement of sphingolipids (SLs) and their enzymes on EV biogenesis and release has not received much attention in current research. Here, we review how SLs participate in EV biogenesis by shaping membrane curvature and how they contribute to EV action in target cells. First, we describe how acid and neutral SMases, by generating the constitutive SL, ceramide, facilitate biogenesis of EVs at the plasma membrane and inside the endocytic compartment. We then discuss the involvement of other SLs, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate and galactosyl-sphingosine, in EV formation and cargo sorting. Last, we look ahead at some biological effects of EVs mediated by changes in SL levels in recipient cells.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Ceramide
Cell
exosomes
QD415-436
Biochemistry
ectosomes
Extracellular Vesicles
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Endocrinology
Thematic Review Series: Exosomes and Microvesicles: Lipids as Key Components of their Biogenesis and Functions
medicine
Animals
Humans
ceramide
Sphingosine-1-phosphate
Sphingolipids
Cell Membrane
Cell Biology
Sphingolipid
Microvesicles
Cell biology
030104 developmental biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
chemistry
Membrane curvature
psychosine
sphingosine-1-phosphate
Sphingomyelin
microvesicles
Biomarkers
Biogenesis
Endocannabinoids
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00222275
- Volume :
- 59
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Lipid Research
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a433ce8b5dd362a7a4abc8390dd34f6d