Simultaneous integrated boost for breast cancer using IMRT: a radiobiological and treatment planning study

Purpose The purpose of this work is to explore the possibility of using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to deliver the boost dose to the tumor bed simultaneously with the whole-breast IMRT to reduce the radiation treatment time by 1–2 weeks. Methods and materials The biologically effective dose (BED) for different treatments was calculated using the linear-quadratic (LQ) model with parameters previously derived for breast cancer from clinical data (α/β = 10Gy, α = 0.3Gy −1 ). A potential doubling time of 15 days (from in vitro measurements) for breast cancer and a generic α/β ratio of 3 Gy for normal tissues were used. A series of regimens that use IMRT as initial treatment and an IMRT simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) were derived using biologic equivalence to conventional schedules. Possible treatment plans with IMRT SIB to the tumor bed were generated for 2 selected breast patients, 1 with a shallow tumor and 1 with a deep-seated tumor. Plans with a simultaneous integrated electron boost were also generated for comparison. Dosimetric merits of these plans were evaluated based on dose volume histograms. Results A commonly used conventional treatment of 45 Gy (1.8 Gy × 25) to the whole breast and then a boost of 20 Gy (2 Gy × 10) is biologically equivalent to an alternative plan of 1.8 Gy × 25 to the whole breast with a 2.4 Gy × 25 SIB to the tumor bed. The new regime reduces treatment time from 7 to 5 weeks. For the patient with a deep-seated tumor, the IMRT plans reduce the volume of the breast that receives high doses (compared with the conventional photon boost plan) and provides good coverage of the target volumes. Conclusion It is biologically and dosimetrically feasible to reduce the overall treatment time for breast radiotherapy by using an IMRT simultaneous integrated boost. For selected patient groups, IMRT plans with a new regimen can be equal to or better than conventional plans.