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Frontal Lobe Circuitry in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
- Source :
- Chronic Stress, Vol 3 (2019), Chronic stress (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- SAGE Publishing, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder include hyperarousal, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, re-experiencing of trauma, and mood changes. This review focuses on the frontal cortical areas that form crucial links in circuitry pertinent to posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology: (1) the conditioned fear extinction circuit, (2) the salience circuit, and (3) the mood circuit. These frontal areas include the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (conditioned fear extinction), the dorsal anterior cingulate and insular cortices (salience), and the lateral orbitofrontal and subgenual cingulate cortices (mood). Frontal lobe structural abnormalities in posttraumatic stress disorder, including volumetric reductions in the cingulate cortices, impact all three circuits. Functional analyses of frontal cortices in posttraumatic stress disorder show abnormal activation in all three according to task demand and emotional valence. Network analyses reveal altered amygdalo-frontal connectivity and failure to suppress the default mode network during cognitive engagement. Spine shape alterations also have been detected in the medial orbitofrontal cortex in posttraumatic stress disorder postmortem brains, suggesting reduced synaptic plasticity. Importantly, frontal lobe abnormalities in posttraumatic stress disorder extend beyond emotion-related circuits to include the lateral prefrontal cortices that mediate executive functions. In conclusion, widespread frontal lobe dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder provides a neurobiologic basis for the core symptomatology of the disorder, as well as for executive function impairment.
- Subjects :
- Dendritic spine
lcsh:RC435-571
mood
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
salience
behavioral disciplines and activities
Article
03 medical and health sciences
Behavioral Neuroscience
0302 clinical medicine
lcsh:Psychiatry
magnetic resonance imaging
Medicine
Biological Psychiatry
Default mode network
business.industry
functional connectivity
dendritic spines
Executive functions
030227 psychiatry
Psychiatry and Mental health
Clinical Psychology
Posttraumatic stress
medicine.anatomical_structure
Mood
Frontal lobe
Synaptic plasticity
business
executive functioning
Neuroscience
conditioned fear extinction
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 24705470
- Volume :
- 3
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Chronic Stress
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a37b5a11e585d44f228a347b07f24d53