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Postnatal Gut Immunity and Microbiota Development Is Minimally Affected by Prenatal Inflammation in Preterm Pigs
- Source :
- Pan, X, Zhang, D, Nguyen, D N, Wei, W, Yu, X, Gao, F & Sangild, P T 2020, ' Postnatal Gut Immunity and Microbiota Development Is Minimally Affected by Prenatal Inflammation in Preterm Pigs ', Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 11, 420 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00420, Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 11 (2020)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Chorioamnionitis (CA), resulting from intra-amniotic inflammation, is a frequent cause of preterm birth and exposes the immature intestine to bacterial toxins and/or inflammatory mediators before birth via fetal swallowing. This may affect intestinal immune development, interacting with the effects of enteral feeding and gut microbiota colonization just after birth. Using preterm pigs as model for preterm infants, we hypothesized that prenatal exposure to gram-negative endotoxin influences postnatal bacterial colonization and gut immune development. Pig fetuses were given intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 3 days before preterm delivery by cesarean section and were compared with littermate controls (CON) at birth and after 5 days of formula feeding and spontaneous bacterial colonization. Amniotic fluid was collected for analysis of leukocyte counts and cytokines, and the distal small intestine was analyzed for endotoxin level, morphology, and immune cell counts. Intestinal gene expression and microbiota were analyzed by transcriptomics and metagenomics, respectively. At birth, LPS-exposed pigs showed higher intestinal endotoxin, neutrophil/macrophage density, and shorter villi. About 1.0% of intestinal genes were affected at birth, and DMBT1, a regulator of mucosal immune defense, was identified as the hub gene in the co-expression network. Genes related to innate immune response (TLR2, LBP, CD14, C3, SFTPD), neutrophil chemotaxis (C5AR1, CSF3R, CCL5), and antigen processing (MHC II genes and CD4) were also affected, and expression levels correlated with intestinal neutrophil/macrophage density and amniotic fluid cytokine levels. On day 5, LPS and CON pigs showed similar sensitivity to necrotizing enterocolitis, endotoxin levels, morphology, immune cell counts, gene expressions, and microbiota composition (except for difference in some low-abundant species). Our results show that CA markedly affects intestinal genes at preterm birth, including genes related to immune cell infiltration. However, a few days later, following the physiological adaptations to preterm birth, CA had limited effects on intestinal structure, function, gene expression, bacterial colonization, and necrotizing enterocolitis sensitivity. We conclude that short-term, prenatal intra-amniotic inflammation is unlikely to exert marked effects on intestinal immune development in preterm neonates beyond the immediate neonatal period.
- Subjects :
- lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy
0301 basic medicine
Lipopolysaccharide
Swine
Immunology
Biology
Gut flora
Chorioamnionitis
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
Pregnancy
medicine
Immunology and Allergy
Animals
Original Research
Inflammation
Fetus
Innate immune system
gut microbiota
medicine.disease
biology.organism_classification
immunity
chorioamnionitis
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Intestines
TLR2
030104 developmental biology
chemistry
Animals, Newborn
Necrotizing enterocolitis
gene expression
Premature Birth
Female
lcsh:RC581-607
small intestine
030215 immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Pan, X, Zhang, D, Nguyen, D N, Wei, W, Yu, X, Gao, F & Sangild, P T 2020, ' Postnatal Gut Immunity and Microbiota Development Is Minimally Affected by Prenatal Inflammation in Preterm Pigs ', Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 11, 420 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00420, Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 11 (2020)
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a30c46b16aa66e93b1c5c339b0090588