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The study of women, infant feeding and type 2 diabetes after GDM pregnancy and growth of their offspring (SWIFT Offspring study): prospective design, methodology and baseline characteristics
- Source :
- BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, BMC pregnancy and childbirth, vol 15, iss 1
- Publication Year :
- 2015
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2015.
-
Abstract
- BackgroundBreastfeeding is associated with reduced risk of becoming overweight or obese later in life. Breastfed babies grow more slowly during infancy than formula-fed babies. Among offspring exposed in utero to maternal glucose intolerance, prospective data on growth during infancy have been unavailable. Thus, scientific evidence is insufficient to conclude that breastfeeding reduces the risk of obesity among the offspring of diabetic mothers (ODM). To address this gap, we devised the Study of Women, Infant Feeding and Type 2 Diabetes after GDM Pregnancy and Growth of their Offspring, also known as the SWIFT Offspring Study. This prospective, longitudinal study recruited mother-infant pairs from the SWIFT Study, a prospective study of women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The goal of the SWIFT Offspring Study is to determine whether breastfeeding intensity and duration, compared with formula feeding, are related to slower growth of GDM offspring during the first year life. This article details the study design, participant eligibility, data collection, and methodologies. We also describe the baseline characteristics of the GDM mother-infant pairs.MethodsThe study enrolled 466 mother-infant pairs among GDM deliveries in northern California from 2009-2011. Participants attended three in-person study exams at 6-9 weeks, 6months and 12months after delivery for infant anthropometry (head circumference, body weight, length, abdominal circumference and skinfold thicknesses), as well as maternal anthropometry (body weight, waist circumference and percent body fat). Mothers also completed questionnaires on health and lifestyle behaviors, including infant diet, sleep and temperament. Breastfeeding intensity and duration were assessed via several sources (diaries, telephone interviews, monthly mailings and in-person exams) from birth through the first year of life. Pregnancy course, clinical perinatal and newborn outcomes were obtained from health plan electronic medical records. Infant saliva samples were collected and stored for genetics studies.DiscussionThis large, racially and ethnically diverse cohort of GDM offspring will enable evaluation of the relationship of infant feeding to growth during infancy independent of perinatal characteristics, sociodemographics and other risk factors. The longitudinal design provides the first quantitative measures of breastfeeding intensity and duration among GDM offspring during early life.
- Subjects :
- Male
Longitudinal study
Pediatrics
Breastfeeding
Reproductive health and childbirth
Overweight
Gestational diabetes mellitus
California
Study Protocol
Child Development
0302 clinical medicine
Pregnancy
Risk Factors
Surveys and Questionnaires
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Longitudinal Studies
Prospective Studies
Pediatric
Infant growth
2. Zero hunger
Anthropometry
Diabetes
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Infant Formula
3. Good health
Gestational diabetes
Skinfold Thickness
Breast Feeding
Adipose Tissue
Research Design
Gestational
Public Health and Health Services
Female
Waist Circumference
medicine.symptom
Type 2
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Offspring
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Nursing
Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine
03 medical and health sciences
Clinical Research
030225 pediatrics
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
medicine
Humans
Conditions Affecting the Embryonic and Fetal Periods
Obesity
Prospective study
Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine
Temperament
Life Style
Metabolic and endocrine
Nutrition
business.industry
Prevention
Body Weight
Infant, Newborn
Infant
Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period
Newborn
medicine.disease
Diabetes, Gestational
Good Health and Well Being
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
business
Breast feeding
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14712393
- Volume :
- 15
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a2c66f1e7974c0dbf7846af3aecb243e
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0587-z