Accurate shading factor and mismatch loss analysis of bifacial HSAT systems through ray-tracing modeling

We have developed models using Rhino (3D modeler) and DIVA (Ray-tracing modeler), allowing system-level raytracing simulations which include nearby shade obstructions from the photovoltaic racking structures. The ray-tracing simulated irradiance profiles are coupled with cell-level IV curve modeling to provide insight into the shading factor and mismatch loss for different racking configurations. The paper focuses on reporting results for horizontal single axis tracker (HSAT) and fixed racking bifacial system, included common module portrait and landscape configurations, as well as demonstrating the distance effect of the module above the torque tube, providing important guidance for further optimizing such mounting systems and accurate parameters required in PVsyst modeling.