The effect of repair technique on postoperative right-sided obstruction in patients with truncus arteriosus

Objectives We reviewed our experience with repair of truncus arteriosus to assess the effect of type of right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction on perioperative morbidity, survival, and freedom from catheter-based interventions and reoperation. Methods Patients undergoing repair of truncus arteriosus from June 1990 through February 2004 were evaluated on the basis of operative procedure regarding preoperative and postoperative variables, the need for postoperative catheter-based intervention or reoperation, and survival on the basis of univariate, multivariable, and actuarial analyses. Results Of 54 study patients, 15 (28%) received a valved homograft, and 39 (72%) received a direct connection with a variety of hood materials. Five (9.1%) patients died. Valved homograft recipients were more likely to require reoperation than patients receiving direct connections (40% vs 15%, P = .046); however, valved homograft and direct connection recipients had a similar incidence of the combined end point of reoperation or catheter-based intervention (40.0% vs 37.5%, P = .865). Univariate and multivariable modeling demonstrated use of valved homografts or direct connections with an autologous pericardial hood to be predictive of the need for later catheter-based intervention or reoperation. Actuarial analysis demonstrated a trend toward improved outcomes in the direct connection group and within the direct connection cohort, a statistically significant difference on the basis of hood type. Conclusions Although the direct connection technique might not prevent later catheter-based intervention, it does reduce the need for reoperation. Outcomes among direct connection recipients were associated with hood type: polytetrafluoroethylene hoods (W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc, Tempe, Ariz) had the lowest rate of reintervention, and untreated autologous pericardial hoods had the highest rate of reintervention. We report excellent outcomes with primary repair of truncus arteriosus. Where anatomically appropriate, we advocate the direct connection technique.