Natural philosophy and the development of mechanics and engineering from the 5th century B. C. to Middle-Ages

Development of logic into a science served as an instrument for the progress in natural philosophy and the scientific method in the 6th and 5th Centuries BC in China, India, and the Arabian world, the Middle East, the Ancient Greece and Rome. Rapid advancements in natural sciences were followed by systematic attempts to organize knowledge in the 4th to 1st Centuries BC in the Greek and the Hellenistic world, reaching maturity in the Roman Empire after the 2nd Century AD. Parallel development of philosophy, science and technology can be traced in the East too. The essentially random growth of machines and mechanisms driven by the pressure of necessity was followed by the development of complicated machines using design rules and concepts in a systematic way, and not arrived at empirically through a process of long evolution, were investigated very early in history. The influence of natural philosophy in classical times to the development of mechanics and engineering as a science from the 5th century B.C. to the Middle-Ages is discussed here.