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Analytical methodologies for determination of methotrexate and its metabolites in pharmaceutical, biological and environmental samples
- Source :
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Vol 9, Iss 6, Pp 373-391 (2019)
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Methotrexate (MTX) is a folate antagonist drug used for several diseases, such as cancers, various malignancies, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease. Due to its structural features, including the presence of two carboxylic acid groups and its low native fluorescence, there are some challenges to develop analytical methods for its determination. MTX is metabolized to 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH-MTX), 2,4-diamino-N10-methylpteroic acid (DAMPA), and the active MTX polyglutamates (MTXPGs) in the liver, intestine, and red blood cells (RBCs), respectively. Additionally, the drug has a narrow therapeutic range; hence, its therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is necessary to regulate the pharmacokinetics of the drug and to decrease the risk of toxicity. Due to environmental toxicity of MTX; its sensitive, fast and low cost determination in workplace environments is of great interest. A large number of methodologies including high performance liquid chromatography equipped with UV–visible, fluorescence, or electrochemical detection, liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis, UV–visible spectrophotometry, and electrochemical methods have been developed for the quantitation of MTX and its metabolites in pharmaceutical, biological, and environmental samples. This paper will attempt to review several published methodologies and the instrumental conditions, which have been applied to measure MTX and its metabolites within the last decade.<br />Graphical abstract Image 1<br />Highlights • Several analytical methods have been applied to determine MTX and its metabolites. • LC-MS and HPLC are the most frequently used techniques for MTX analysis. • There are some challenges to develop analytical methods for MTX determination. • Nanomaterial optical sensors-based methods might lead us to a new horizon.
- Subjects :
- Drug
musculoskeletal diseases
media_common.quotation_subject
Pharmaceutical Science
02 engineering and technology
Pharmacy
Pharmacology
01 natural sciences
High-performance liquid chromatography
Analytical Chemistry
chemistry.chemical_compound
Therapeutic index
Pharmacokinetics
Quantification
Drug Discovery
Electrochemistry
medicine
Spectroscopy
media_common
Review Paper
medicine.diagnostic_test
Chemistry
lcsh:RM1-950
010401 analytical chemistry
Antifolate
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
0104 chemical sciences
lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Methotrexate
Anticancer
Therapeutic drug monitoring
Toxicity
0210 nano-technology
medicine.drug
High performance liquid chromatography
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 22140883 and 20951779
- Volume :
- 9
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....a012c8b003ce2b64ca6f0a3012e060ab