Complete Atrioventricular Canal Repair Under 1 Year: Rastelli One-Patch Procedure Yields Excellent Long-Term Results

Background Considering more recently proposed techniques, we have evaluated our midterm and long-term results of Rastelli one-patch repair in complete atrioventricular canal. Methods Between 1984 and 2005, 107 patients with a complete atrioventricular canal underwent a Rastelli one-patch procedure. Two groups were identified: 1984 to 1995 and 1995 to 2005 (respectively, 56 and 51 patients). Mean age at surgery was 5.3 ± 3.4 months; mean weight was 5.5 ± 3 kg; trisomy 21 was present in 81 patients; complete atrioventricular canal type A was found in 67 patients, type C in 40 patients. There were 12 cases of potentially parachute mitral valve and 14 associated anomalies treated simultaneously (pulmonary obstruction 11, coarctation 3). The coronary sinus was always left on the right side. After functional and anatomic evaluation, the cleft was closed completely in 8 and partially in 29, and was left intact in 70 cases. Results Early survival was 86% ± 3%. Five patients underwent early reoperation for residual ventricular septal defect (n = 2) and mitral valve repair (n = 3). Nine patients underwent late reoperations with successful repair: subaortic stenosis (n = 4) and mitral valve repair (n = 5). Late survival at 10 and 15 years was 84% ± 3%. Freedom from reoperation for mitral regurgitation was 94% ± 3% at 10 years, and 91% ± 3% at 15 and 20 years. At last follow-up 30 patients had mild and 3 had moderate mitral regurgitation. Conclusions Rastelli single-patch repair in complete atrioventricular canal is a safe and reproducible technique. Among survivors, freedom from late reoperation for mitral regurgitation is very satisfactory. A properly taught, learned, and transmitted Rastelli one-patch technique compares very well with any other proposed technique.