Neurobiology of cognitive competencies in primary school age: the latest foreign research

This paper presents the current researches revealing the peculiarities of neurocognitive status in primary school age and illustrating the achievements of the scientific school of foreign universities in such areas as: neuroscience compensatory-regulatory mechanisms of overcoming congenital learning difficulties; educational strategies that optimize the neurobiological status of the student; neurobiological tools for the development of the cognitive sphere of students; environmental and psychosomatic factors that affect the neurocognitive status of young students. The authors allocated memory resources, executive activity capabilities, inhibition reactions and self-control as the main elements in cognitive competencies’ formation. The materials provide evidence in favor of the importance of the quality of educational environments and attention to students with learning difficulties in their first school years.