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Presence of Gastric Pepsinogen in the Trachea Is Associated with Altered Inflammation and Microbial Composition
- Source :
- Infect Immun
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- American Society for Microbiology, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Gastroesophageal reflux is a common gastrointestinal issue that can lead to aspiration and contribute to respiratory problems. Little is known about how reflux can alter the respiratory microenvironment. We aimed to determine if the presence of gastric pepsinogen in the trachea was associated with changes in the microbial and inflammatory microenvironment. A pediatric cohort at high risk of reflux aspiration was prospectively recruited, and the tracheal microenvironment was examined. Pepsinogen A3 (PGA3) and cytokines were measured. The microbiome (bacterial and fungal) was profiled using 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) amplicon sequencing. Increased bacterial richness and an altered composition driven by an enrichment of Prevotella correlated with high PGA3 levels. Fungal richness increased with PGA3, with higher Candida relative abundances observed in a subset of samples with high PGA3 levels. Source tracking of tracheal microbial taxa against taxa from matched oral and gastric samples revealed a significantly greater contribution of oral than of gastric taxa with higher PGA3 levels. Tracheal cytokines were differentially produced when stratified according to PGA3, with higher levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1)-related cytokines and IL-8 being associated with high PGA3 levels. Network analysis across cytokine and microbiome measures identified relationships between IL-1-related proteins and microbial taxa, with the presence of respiratory issues associated with higher levels of IL-1β, IP-10, and Prevotella. In conclusion, PGA3 levels in the trachea are correlated with increases in specific microbial taxa and inflammatory molecules, with an increase in oral microbes with increasing PGA3.
- Subjects :
- Male
0301 basic medicine
Adolescent
medicine.medical_treatment
Interleukin-1beta
030106 microbiology
Immunology
Prevotella
Inflammation
Microbiology
Cohort Studies
03 medical and health sciences
Pepsin
Pepsinogen A
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
medicine
Humans
Microbiome
Internal transcribed spacer
Respiratory system
Child
Candida
biology
Interleukin-8
Respiratory Aspiration
Infant
Host-Associated Microbial Communities
biology.organism_classification
16S ribosomal RNA
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Chemokine CXCL10
Trachea
030104 developmental biology
Infectious Diseases
Cytokine
Child, Preschool
Gastroesophageal Reflux
biology.protein
Cytokines
Female
Parasitology
medicine.symptom
Interleukin-1
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 10985522 and 00199567
- Volume :
- 88
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Infection and Immunity
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....9effc50533e91678b0733d8282f93d7c