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The value of forest water purification ecosystem services in Costa Rica
- Source :
- Science of The Total Environment. 789:147952
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Forest cover improves surface water quality by minimizing soil erosion, reducing sediment in water and trapping or filtering water pollutants in forest litter. Because the amount of chemicals needed to produce potable water depends on the quality of intake water, upstream forest cover protection may help reduce the extent and cost of water treatment downstream. However, many other drivers exist for the cost of water treatment, so the magnitude and relevance of the influence of forest cover on water treatment cost is an empirical question. We analyze the impact of forest cover on the quality of raw water and the extent of water treatment required at the water treatment plants in Costa Rica, using monthly panel data in 2008-2014 from the drinking water treatment plants managed by the national public utility. We find that forest cover change during the study period statistically significantly affected the chemical use by water treatment plants. In economic terms, the estimated value of water purification service provided by forests is USD 9.5 per hectare per year. Depending on the discount rate, this results in a net present value of water purification service ranging between USD 315.4 and USD 113.9 per hectare. The results indicate that the economic value of the water purification service of forest is 1.7% of the value for recreational services; between 3.2% and 1.1% relative to the value of forest carbon sequestration typical in Costa Rica, depending on the discount rate; and around 13% of the payments for watershed protection program by the National Forest Financing Fund. The results also show that the marginal contribution of forest, on a per hectare basis, on water quality becomes larger as the size of catchment decreases.
- Subjects :
- Costa Rica
Conservation of Natural Resources
Environmental Engineering
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Portable water purification
Forests
010501 environmental sciences
Carbon sequestration
01 natural sciences
Pollution
Water Purification
Ecosystem services
Watershed management
Environmental protection
Water Quality
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental science
Water treatment
Water quality
Raw water
Waste Management and Disposal
Hectare
Ecosystem
health care economics and organizations
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00489697
- Volume :
- 789
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Science of The Total Environment
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....9d3e1bfe13fedb641d6bf6733582a71d