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Deep Learning Algorithm Trained with COVID-19 Pneumonia Also Identifies Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy-Related Pneumonitis
- Source :
- Cancers, Vol 13, Iss 652, p 652 (2021), Cancers, Volume 13, Issue 4
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy-related pneumonitis share common features. The aim of this study was to determine on chest computed tomography (CT) images whether a deep convolutional neural network algorithm is able to solve the challenge of differential diagnosis between COVID-19 pneumonia and ICI therapy-related pneumonitis. Methods: We enrolled three groups: a pneumonia-free group (n = 30), a COVID-19 group (n = 34), and a group of patients with ICI therapy-related pneumonitis (n = 21). Computed tomography images were analyzed with an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm based on a deep convolutional neural network structure. Statistical analysis included the Mann–Whitney U test (significance threshold at p &lt<br />0.05) and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). Results: The algorithm showed low specificity in distinguishing COVID-19 from ICI therapy-related pneumonitis (sensitivity 97.1%, specificity 14.3%, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.62). ICI therapy-related pneumonitis was identified by the AI when compared to pneumonia-free controls (sensitivity = 85.7%, specificity 100%, AUC = 0.97). Conclusions: The deep learning algorithm is not able to distinguish between COVID-19 pneumonia and ICI therapy-related pneumonitis. Awareness must be increased among clinicians about imaging similarities between COVID-19 and ICI therapy-related pneumonitis. ICI therapy-related pneumonitis can be applied as a challenge population for cross-validation to test the robustness of AI models used to analyze interstitial pneumonias of variable etiology.
- Subjects :
- Cancer Research
Population
chest CT
immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy
lcsh:RC254-282
Article
030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
medicine
education
Pneumonitis
education.field_of_study
Receiver operating characteristic
business.industry
drug-induced pneumonitis
Area under the curve
COVID-19
deep learning
medicine.disease
artificial intelligence
lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens
Pneumonia
Oncology
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Mann–Whitney U test
Etiology
Differential diagnosis
business
Algorithm
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20726694
- Volume :
- 13
- Issue :
- 652
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Cancers
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....9d1ca5b60b4705e802261e1acbc970f1