Back to Search
Start Over
NS1 is the fluid for 'flu-transmission'
- Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- National Academy of Sciences, 2017.
-
Abstract
- The development of modern medicine has allowed us to conquer numerous infectious diseases; however, we human beings constantly face threats from novel infectious diseases that have been previously unrecognized. These so-called “emerging infectious diseases” are often caused by zoonotic pathogens, which mostly originate in wild animals (1, 2). Human diseases, such as AIDS, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), Ebola viral disease, and pandemic influenza are all caused by such pathogens. To cause zoonosis, the pathogens that originate in animals must cross the species barrier and transmit to humans. If these pathogens are able to efficiently transmit from human to human, a pandemic would result, endangering the lives of humans globally. Aquatic wild birds harbor a large gene pool of influenza A viruses that have been the source of influenza pandemics. Although influenza A viruses can infect a wide range of species, host restriction usually constrains their interspecies transmission; however, some mammalian-adaptive mutations have been identified in hemagglutinin (HA) and Polymerase Basic 2 (PB2) that allow avian influenza viruses to overcome the species barrier and become transmissible via the airborne route among ferrets (3). In addition, PB1 has been shown to confer to airborne transmission to H5N1 viruses (4). For over 25 y, Webster’s group has conducted surveillance of avian viruses at Delaware Bay, New Jersey, and has investigated the biological properties of the isolated H1N1 avian viruses in mammalian models (5, 6). Surprisingly, some of the H1N1 avian isolates transmitted via the airborne route in a ferret model without prior adaptation (5⇓–7), suggesting no adaptive mutations were required for these viruses to become transmissible. By comparing the genomes of the transmissible and nontransmissible viruses, Zanin et al. (7) identify differences in the PB2, PB1, PB1-F2, PA-X, NS1, and NEP genes … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: yoshihiro.kawaoka{at}wisc.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Male
Modern medicine
viruses
Respiratory System
Hemagglutinin (influenza)
Chick Embryo
Biology
Viral Nonstructural Proteins
Disease Vectors
medicine.disease_cause
Virus Replication
Airborne transmission
03 medical and health sciences
Charadriiformes
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
Orthomyxoviridae Infections
Commentaries
Pandemic
Influenza A virus
medicine
Animals
Multidisciplinary
Transmission (medicine)
Zoonosis
Ferrets
virus diseases
Biological Sciences
medicine.disease
Virology
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1
030104 developmental biology
biology.protein
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....9aed34a9e422a752f87f26b2de3e9609