A Case of Renal Pelvic Cancer with a Complete Duplication of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter

This paper describes a case of renal pelvic cancer with a complete duplication of the renal pelvis and ureter, which is substantially rare. A 76-year-old man was referred to the hospital because of gross hematuria for 2 years. A tumor was detected in the upper right kidney using enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scan, and the downstream ureter was suspected to open into the prostate. Retrograde ureteroscopy via the ectopic ureter orifice showed a hemorrhagic papillary tumor consistent with imaging findings. Laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy was performed and the prostate was preserved because the tumor was only in the renal pelvis. Histopathological examination showed the tumor as a high-grade urothelial carcinoma. There was no sign of recurrence at one and a half years after operation. Ureteroscopy was effective in detecting an upper urinary tract tumor, even via ectopic ureter orifice, and preserving the prostate was possible.