Sex differences in the characteristics and survival of patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer: A retrospective analytical study based on real‐world clinical data of the Korean population

This study aimed to investigate the differences in characteristics, clinical stages, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on sex differences using Korean nationwide registry data.We analyzed the data of 8650 patients diagnosed with NSCLC between 2014 and 2017, obtained from the Korean Association for Lung Cancer Registry (KALC-R). The Cox proportional hazard model was used to define the differences in survival based on sex. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for differences between men and women.Of a total of 10 943 patients, 8650 (79.1%) were diagnosed with NSCLC, of whom 68.7% were men and 31.3% were women. For NSCLC, the median age was higher (69.0 vs. 67.0, p 0.001) and the proportion of ever-smokers (84.5% vs. 10.8%, p 0.001) was higher in men. Adenocarcinoma (55.5% vs. 90.4%, p 0.001) and stage I NSCLC (26.3% vs. 41.3%, p 0.001) were more common in women. Survival was significantly lower in men with NSCLC (hazard ratio [HR] 1.493 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.238-1.800], p 0.001) even after adjusting for meaningful clinical variables, and in the matched cohort (HR 1.339 [1.075-1.667], p = 0.009). Similarly, survival was significantly lower in men with stage IV adenocarcinoma after adjusting for other clinical variables (HR 1.493 [1.238-1.800], p 0.001) and in the matched cohort (HR 1.339 [1.075-1.667]; p = 0.009).Male patients with NSCLC had poorer prognosis, not only after variable adjustments for prognostic factors, but also in the matched cohort.