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Optimizing the torrefaction of mixed softwood by response surface methodology for biomass upgrading to high energy density
- Source :
- Bioresource Technology. 116:471-476
- Publication Year :
- 2012
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2012.
-
Abstract
- The optimal conditions for the torrefaction of mixed softwood were investigated by response surface methodology. This showed that the chemical composition of torrefied biomass was influenced by the severity factor of torrefaction. The lignin content in the torrefied biomass increased with the SF, while holocellulose content decreased. Similarly, the carbon content energy value of torrefied biomass ranged from 19.31 to 22.12 MJ/kg increased from 50.79 to 57.36%, while the hydrogen and oxygen contents decreased. The energy value of torrefied biomass ranged from 19.31 to 22.12 MJ/kg. This implied that the energy contained in the torrefied biomass increased by 4–19%, when compared with the untreated biomass. The energy value and weight loss in biomass slowly increased as the SF increased up until 6.12; and then dramatically increased as the SF increased further from 6.12 to 7.0. However, the energy yield started decreasing at SF value higher than 6.12; and the highest energy yield was obtained at low SF.
- Subjects :
- Energy-Generating Resources
Time Factors
Environmental Engineering
Softwood
Severity factor
chemistry.chemical_element
Biomass
Bioengineering
Lignin
chemistry.chemical_compound
Bioreactors
Response surface methodology
Cellulose
Waste Management and Disposal
Chemical composition
Analysis of Variance
Waste management
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Temperature
General Medicine
Torrefaction
Pulp and paper industry
Wood
Carbon
Oxygen
chemistry
Biotechnology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 09608524
- Volume :
- 116
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Bioresource Technology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....9a016f85c19e969c39945af4db45991c