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Preclinical studies of treosulfan demonstrate potent activity in Ewing’s sarcoma

Authors :
Arnulfo Mendoza
Wilfried Reichardt
Chand Khanna
Marcus Uhl
Sebastian Werner
Udo Kontny
Claudia Konanz
Miriam Erlacher
Ralf A. Hilger
Andrej Lissat
Charlotte M. Niemeyer
Source :
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. 62:19-31
Publication Year :
2007
Publisher :
Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2007.

Abstract

High-dose chemotherapy with the alkylating agent busulfan has been widely used in the treatment of patients with high-risk Ewing's sarcoma. Because of risks for toxicity, busulfan and radiotherapy can not be applied together, leading to the omission of one effective therapy component. Treosulfan is a derivative of busulfan which has a lower side effect profile than busulfan and which can be used together with radiotherapy. We investigated the effect of treosulfan in a panel of Ewing's sarcoma cell lines on cell survival, cell cycle and apoptosis in vitro and compared it to busulfan. Furthermore, the anti-tumor effect of treosulfan was studied in an orthotopic Ewing's sarcoma mouse xenograft model.Cell survival was measured by MTT assay and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was analyzed via detection of DNA fragmentation, Hoechst 33258 staining, Annexin V, and cleavage of caspases-3 and 9. The effect of treosulfan and busulfan on primary tumor growth was assessed in Ewing's sarcoma xenografts in NOD/SCID mice (10 mice per group), pharmacokinetics of treosulfan were analyzed in nude mice.Treosulfan inhibited cell growth to at least 70% in all cell lines at concentrations achievable in vivo. Treosulfan had a greater effect on the inhibition of cell growth at equivalent concentrations compared to busulfan. The growth inhibitory effect of treosulfan at low concentrations was mainly due to a G2 cell cycle arrest, whereas at higher concentrations it was due to apoptosis. Apoptosis was induced at lower concentrations compared to busulfan. In contrast to busulfan, treosulfan induced cell death in an apoptosis-deficient cell line at concentrations achievable in vivo. In mice, treosulfan suppressed tumor growth at dosages of 2,500 and 3,000 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetic exposures of treosulfan in mice were similar to previous reports in human patients. At maximal tolerated dosages treosulfan had a higher anti-tumor activity than busulfan.Our results suggest that treosulfan has efficacy against Ewing's sarcoma cells in vitro and in mice. Therefore, controlled trials examining the role of treosulfan in patients with Ewing's sarcoma are warranted.

Details

ISSN :
14320843 and 03445704
Volume :
62
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....999efa91c115a342651525802396e98c
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-007-0566-9