Effects of membrane alterations on bacterial retention

The study shows the respective roles of skin and support of an ultrafiltration membrane in the retention mechanisms of bacteria (Escherichia coli). For this, pinholes defects of 5–200 μm in diameter were performed through ultrafiltration polymeric membranes and their impact was assessed on bacterial retention in a stirred cell when the transmembrane pressure is set at 0.5 bars. Various techniques have been used to make the defects such as a microhardness tester or femtosecond lasers. As long as the selective skin is not altered through its whole thickness, the membrane keeps a retention efficiency equivalent to the one of an uncompromised membrane. The retention by the macroporous support is also investigated. In case of membrane with defects of cylindrical geometry, experimental results are compared to calculated data obtained with a pore flow model, and the validity of this model is discussed.