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Gravity-driven membrane filtration for water and wastewater treatment: A review
- Source :
- Water Research. 149:553-565
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration has been investigated for almost 10 years. The technology is characterized not only by relatively lower transmembrane pressures which can be achieved by gravity (extremely low energy consumption), but also by the phenomenon of flux stabilization: A biofilm is allowed to form on the membrane and a stabilization of flux occurs which is related to biological processes within the biofilm layer on the membrane. This enables stable operation during a year or longer without any cleaning or flushing. Initially, the technology was developed mainly for household drinking water treatment, but in the meantime, the research and application has expanded to the treatment of greywater, rainwater, and wastewater as well as the pretreatment of seawater for desalination. This review covers the field from the rather fundamental research on biofilm morphology and microbial community analysis to the impact of feedwater composition, process parameters and organic removal performance. Not only household applications, but also for community-scale treatment and full-scale applications are discussed. In addition, the application potential is highlighted in comparison to conventional ultrafiltration. Finally, an overall assessment is illustrated and the research and development needs are identified.
- Subjects :
- Environmental Engineering
0208 environmental biotechnology
Ultrafiltration
02 engineering and technology
Wastewater
010501 environmental sciences
Greywater
01 natural sciences
Desalination
Water Purification
law.invention
law
Waste Management and Disposal
Filtration
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Water Science and Technology
Civil and Structural Engineering
Ecological Modeling
Membrane fouling
Environmental engineering
Water
Membranes, Artificial
Pollution
020801 environmental engineering
Environmental science
Sewage treatment
Water treatment
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00431354
- Volume :
- 149
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Water Research
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....99164a8bc086cab5321f6cc61d46cb9a