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Titanium Dioxide Particle Type and Concentration Influence the Inflammatory Response in Caco-2 Cells

Authors :
Sahoko Ichihara
Wenting Wu
Masahiko Murakami
Eri Watanabe
Kiyora Izuoka
Yuka Suzuki
Saeko Tada-Oikawa
Jie Chang
Yoshiji Yamada
Yuka Shimanuki
Hitomi Fukatsu
Natsuki Tanaka
Gaku Ichihara
Source :
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 17, Iss 4, p 576 (2016), International Journal of Molecular Sciences; Volume 17; Issue 4; Pages: 576
Publication Year :
2016
Publisher :
MDPI, 2016.

Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are widely used in cosmetics, sunscreens, biomedicine, and food products. When used as a food additive, TiO2 nanoparticles are used in significant amounts as white food-coloring agents. However, the effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on the gastrointestinal tract remain unclear. The present study was designed to determine the effects of five TiO2 particles of different crystal structures and sizes in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages. Twenty-four-hour exposure to anatase (primary particle size: 50 and 100 nm) and rutile (50 nm) TiO2 particles reduced cellular viability in a dose-dependent manner in THP-1 macrophages, but in not Caco-2 cells. However, 72-h exposure of Caco-2 cells to anatase (50 nm) TiO2 particles reduced cellular viability in a dose-dependent manner. The highest dose (50 µg/mL) of anatase (100 nm), rutile (50 nm), and P25 TiO2 particles also reduced cellular viability in Caco-2 cells. The production of reactive oxygen species tended to increase in both types of cells, irrespective of the type of TiO2 particle. Exposure of THP-1 macrophages to 50 µg/mL of anatase (50 nm) TiO2 particles increased interleukin (IL)-1β expression level, and exposure of Caco-2 cells to 50 µg/mL of anatase (50 nm) TiO2 particles also increased IL-8 expression. The results indicated that anatase TiO2 nanoparticles induced inflammatory responses compared with other TiO2 particles. Further studies are required to determine the in vivo relevance of these findings to avoid the hazards of ingested particles.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
14220067
Volume :
17
Issue :
4
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....98913e0b0f98fea62ba62add64702d7d