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3D Structures of IgA, IgM, and Components
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12776, p 12776 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is currently the most studied immunoglobin class and is frequently used in antibody therapeutics in which its beneficial effector functions are exploited. IgG is composed of two heavy chains and two light chains, forming the basic antibody monomeric unit. In contrast, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) are usually assembled into dimers or pentamers with the contribution of joining (J)-chains, which bind to the secretory component (SC) of the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) and are transported to the mucosal surface. IgA and IgM play a pivotal role in various immune responses, especially in mucosal immunity. Due to their structural complexity, 3D structural study of these molecules at atomic scale has been slow. With the emergence of cryo-EM and X-ray crystallographic techniques and the growing interest in the structure-function relationships of IgA and IgM, atomic-scale structural information on IgA-Fc and IgM-Fc has been accumulating. Here, we examine the 3D structures of IgA and IgM, including the J-chain and SC. Disulfide bridging and N-glycosylation on these molecules are also summarized. With the increasing information of structure–function relationships, IgA- and IgM-based monoclonal antibodies will be an effective option in the therapeutic field.
- Subjects :
- Immunoglobulin A
Glycosylation
IgM
QH301-705.5
Secretory component
medicine.drug_class
molecular assembly
Review
3D structure
Monoclonal antibody
Immunoglobulin light chain
Catalysis
Immunoglobulin G
Inorganic Chemistry
secretory component
medicine
Animals
Humans
J-chain
Biology (General)
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
QD1-999
Molecular Biology
Spectroscopy
biology
Chemistry
disulfide bridge
Organic Chemistry
Receptors, Polymeric Immunoglobulin
General Medicine
J chain
Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments
Computer Science Applications
Immunoglobulin M
Biochemistry
Immunoglobulin J-Chains
biology.protein
Antibody
IgA
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14220067
- Volume :
- 22
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....98308173d38a531b2a4c63093607ec9d