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A primary estimation of PCDD/Fs release reduction from non-wood pulp and paper industry in China based on the investigation of pulp bleaching with chlorine converting to chlorine dioxide
- Source :
- Chemosphere. 185:329-335
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2017.
-
Abstract
- Chlorine bleaching technology (C process, CEH process, H process and theirs combination), which was identified as a primary formation source of PCDD/Fs, is still widely used by the vast majority of Chinese non-wood pulp and paper mills (non-wood PMs). The purpose of this study was to provide information and data support for further eliminating dioxin for non-wood PMs in China, and especially to evaluate the PCDD/Fs release reduction for those mills converting their pulp bleaching processes from CEH to ECF. The PCDD/Fs concentrations of the bleached pulp and bleaching wastewater with ECF bleaching were in the ranges of 0.13–0.8 ng TEQ kg −1 , and 0.15–1.9 pg TEQ L −1 , respectively, which were far lower than those with CEH process, indicating that the ECF process is an effective alternative bleaching technology to replace CEH in Chinese non-wood PMs to reduce dioxin release. The release factor via flue gas of the alkali recovery boiler in Chinese non-wood PMs was first reported to be 0.092 μg TEQ Ad t −1 in this study. On the assumption that pulp bleaching processes of all Chinese non-wood PMs were converted from CEH to ECF, the annual release of PCDD/Fs via the bleaching wastewater and bleached pulp would be reduced by 79.1%, with a total of 1.60 g TEQ.
- Subjects :
- Paper
China
Flue gas
Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
Environmental Engineering
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Industrial Waste
chemistry.chemical_element
02 engineering and technology
Wastewater
010501 environmental sciences
engineering.material
Dioxins
01 natural sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Chlorine
Industry
Environmental Chemistry
Recovery boiler
Benzofurans
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Chlorine dioxide
Pulp (paper)
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Oxides
General Medicine
General Chemistry
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
Pulp and paper industry
Pollution
chemistry
engineering
Pulp bleaching
Chlorine Compounds
0210 nano-technology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00456535
- Volume :
- 185
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Chemosphere
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....97808e78ded64b0ee0422e33109ebfe9