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The multiple lives of DEAD-box RNA helicase DP103/DDX20/Gemin3
- Source :
- Biochemical Society transactions. 46(2)
- Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Gemin3, also known as DDX20 or DP103, is a DEAD-box RNA helicase which is involved in more than one cellular process. Though RNA unwinding has been determined in vitro, it is surprisingly not required for all of its activities in cellular metabolism. Gemin3 is an essential gene, present in Amoeba and Metazoa. The highly conserved N-terminus hosts the helicase core, formed of the helicase- and DEAD-domains, which, based on crystal structure determination, have key roles in RNA binding. The C-terminus of Gemin3 is highly divergent between species and serves as the interaction site for several accessory factors that could recruit Gemin3 to its target substrates and/or modulate its function. This review article focuses on the known roles of Gemin3, first as a core member of the survival motor neuron (SMN) complex, in small nuclear ribonucleoprotein biogenesis. Although mechanistic details are lacking, a critical function for Gemin3 in this pathway is supported by numerous in vitro and in vivo studies. Gene expression activities of Gemin3 are next underscored, mainly messenger ribonucleoprotein trafficking, gene silencing via microRNA processing, and transcriptional regulation. The involvement of Gemin3 in abnormal cell signal transduction pathways involving p53 and NF-κB is also highlighted. Finally, the clinical implications of Gemin3 deregulation are discussed including links to spinal muscular atrophy, poliomyelitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and cancer. Impressive progress made over the past two decades since the discovery of Gemin3 bodes well for further work that refines the mechanism(s) underpinning its multiple activities.<br />peer-reviewed
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
DEAD box
Carcinogenesis
Gene Expression
DNA helicases
Biochemistry
DEAD-box RNA Helicases
03 medical and health sciences
Structure-Activity Relationship
DEAD Box Protein 20
Gene expression
Transcriptional regulation
Animals
Humans
Gene Silencing
Motor neurons
biology
NF-kappa B
Helicase
RNA
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear
RNA Helicase A
Cell biology
RNA -- Metabolism
030104 developmental biology
DDX20
biology.protein
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein
Signal Transduction
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14708752
- Volume :
- 46
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Biochemical Society transactions
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....973ca41c7d0d27d321b7f788f395470f