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Growth Hormone Secretagogues and the Regulation of Calcium Signaling in Muscle
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 20, Iss 18, p 4361 (2019), International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) are a family of synthetic molecules, first discovered in the late 1970s for their ability to stimulate growth hormone (GH) release. Many effects of GHS are mediated by binding to GHS-R1a, the receptor for the endogenous hormone ghrelin, a 28-amino acid peptide isolated from the stomach. Besides endocrine functions, both ghrelin and GHS are endowed with some relevant extraendocrine properties, including stimulation of food intake, anticonvulsant and anti-inflammatory effects, and protection of muscle tissue in different pathological conditions. In particular, ghrelin and GHS inhibit cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell apoptosis and improve cardiac left ventricular function during ischemia−reperfusion injury. Moreover, in a model of cisplatin-induced cachexia, GHS protect skeletal muscle from mitochondrial damage and improve lean mass recovery. Most of these effects are mediated by GHS ability to preserve intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. In this review, we address the muscle-specific protective effects of GHS mediated by Ca2+ regulation, but also highlight recent findings of their therapeutic potential in pathological conditions characterized by skeletal or cardiac muscle impairment.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis
GHS (growth hormone secretagogues)
Review
cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage
lcsh:Chemistry
0302 clinical medicine
Calcium (ca
Receptor
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Spectroscopy
Calcium signaling
Chemistry
Cardiac muscle
General Medicine
Computer Science Applications
medicine.anatomical_structure
calcium (Ca2+) homeostasi
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Ghrelin
skeletal muscle wasting
hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Muscle tissue
medicine.medical_specialty
2+
cachexia
Catalysis
Cachexia
Inorganic Chemistry
03 medical and health sciences
Internal medicine
medicine
Animals
Humans
Calcium Signaling
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Muscle, Skeletal
Molecular Biology
Secretagogues
Organic Chemistry
Skeletal muscle
medicine.disease
) homeostasi
030104 developmental biology
Endocrinology
lcsh:Biology (General)
lcsh:QD1-999
Growth Hormone
Homeostasis
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14220067
- Volume :
- 20
- Issue :
- 18
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....96a633a2a9b67814c57d1708ebfa1e89