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Salmonella effector driven invasion of the gut epithelium: breaking in and setting the house on fire
- Source :
- Current Opinion in Microbiology, 64
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Elsevier, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Salmonella Typhimurium (S.Tm) is a major cause of diarrheal disease. The invasion into intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is a central step in the infection cycle. It is associated with gut inflammation and thought to benefit S.Tm proliferation also in the intestinal lumen. Importantly, it is still not entirely clear how inflammation is elicited and to which extent it links to IEC invasion efficiency in vivo. In this review, we summarize recent findings explaining IEC invasion by type-three-secretion-system-1 (TTSS-1) effector proteins and discuss their effects on invasion and gut inflammation. In non-polarized tissue culture cells, the TTSS-1 effectors (mainly SopB/E/E2) elicit large membrane ruffles fueling cooperative invasion, and can directly trigger pro-inflammatory signaling. By contrast, in the murine gut, we observe discreet-invasion (mainly via the TTSS-1 effector SipA) and a prominent pro-inflammatory role of the host?"s epithelial inflammasome(s), which sense pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). We discuss why it has remained a major challenge to tease apart direct and indirect inflammatory effects of TTSS-1 effectors and explain why further research will be needed to fully determine their inflammation-modulating role(s). ISSN:1369-5274 ISSN:1879-0364
- Subjects :
- Salmonella typhimurium
Microbiology (medical)
Salmonella
Cell- och molekylärbiologi
Inflammation
Biology
medicine.disease_cause
Microbiology
Epithelium
Microbiology in the medical area
Mice
03 medical and health sciences
Tissue culture
Bacterial Proteins
In vivo
Type III Secretion Systems
medicine
Mikrobiologi inom det medicinska området
Animals
030304 developmental biology
0303 health sciences
030306 microbiology
Effector
Pathogen-associated molecular pattern
Epithelial Cells
Inflammasome
3. Good health
Gut Epithelium
Cell biology
Infectious Diseases
medicine.symptom
Cell and Molecular Biology
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 13695274
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Current Opinion in Microbiology, 64
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....944d9e1253a92232a3ea99516edfa965