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NMR Characterization of Ten Apple Cultivars from the Piedmont Region
- Source :
- Foods, Volume 10, Issue 2, Foods, Vol 10, Iss 289, p 289 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The metabolite profile of ten traditional apple cultivars grown in the Piedmont region (Italy) was studied by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, identifying an overall number of 36 compounds. A more complete assignment of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) resonances from hydroalcoholic and organic apple extracts with respect to literature data was reported, identifying fructose tautomeric forms, galacturonic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), p-coumaroyl moiety, phosphatidylcholine, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol. The chemical profile of each apple cultivar was defined by thorough quantitative NMR analysis of four sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, and xylose), nine organic acids (acetic, citric, formic, citramalic, lactic, malic, quinic, and galacturonic acids), six amino acids (alanine, asparagine, aspartate, GABA, isoleucine, and valine), rhamnitol, p-coumaroyl derivative, phloretin/phloridzin and choline, as well as β-sitosterol, fatty acid chains, phosphatidylcholine, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol. Finally, the application of PCA analysis allowed us to highlight possible differences/similarities. The Magnana cultivar showed the highest content of sugars, GABA, valine, isoleucine, and alanine. The Runsé cultivar was characterized by high amounts of organic acids, whereas the Gamba Fina cultivar showed a high content of chlorogenic acid. A significant amount of quinic acid was detected in the Carla cultivar. The knowledge of apple chemical profiles can be useful for industries interested in specific compounds for obtaining ingredients of food supplements and functional foods and for promoting apple valorization and preservation.
- Subjects :
- Health (social science)
Sucrose
Local apple cultivars
Plant Science
malus domestica
lcsh:Chemical technology
Health Professions (miscellaneous)
Microbiology
Article
chemistry.chemical_compound
Chlorogenic acid
Valine
lcsh:TP1-1185
Food ingredients
Malus domestica
Metabolite profile
NMR
PCA
Food science
chemistry.chemical_classification
fungi
Fatty acid
food and beverages
Fructose
Quinic acid
food ingredient
Amino acid
chemistry
local apple cultivar
Isoleucine
Food Science
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Foods, Volume 10, Issue 2, Foods, Vol 10, Iss 289, p 289 (2021)
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....92f4f510ce93e59361b239a284faa063