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Urogenital schistosomiasis infection prevalence targets to determine elimination as a public health problem based on microhematuria prevalence in school-age children
- Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 15(6):e0009451. Public Library of Science, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 6, p e0009451 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Background Recent research suggests that schistosomiasis targets for morbidity control and elimination as a public health problem could benefit from a reanalysis. These analyses would define evidence-based targets that control programs could use to confidently assert that they had controlled or eliminated schistosomiasis as a public health problem. We estimated how low Schistosoma haematobium infection levels diagnosed by urine filtration in school-age children should be decreased so that microhematuria prevalence was at, or below, a “background” level of morbidity. Methodology Data obtained from school-age children in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Tanzania, and Zambia who participated in schistosomiasis monitoring and evaluation cohorts were reanalyzed before and after initiation of preventive chemotherapy. Bayesian models estimated the infection level prevalence probabilities associated with microhematuria thresholds ≤10%, 13%, or 15%. Principal findings An infection prevalence of 5% could be a sensible target for urogenital schistosomiasis morbidity control in children as microhematuria prevalence was highly likely to be below 10% in all surveys. Targets of 8% and 11% infection prevalence were highly likely to result in microhematuria levels less than 13% and 15%, respectively. By contrast, measuring heavy-intensity infections only achieves these thresholds at impractically low prevalence levels. Conclusions/significance A target of 5%, 8%, or 11% urogenital schistosomiasis infection prevalence in school-age children could be used to determine whether a geographic area has controlled or eliminated schistosomiasis as a public health problem depending on the local background threshold of microhematuria.<br />Author summary For urogenital schistosomiasis, targets for morbidity control and elimination as a public health problem are based on the percentage of school-age children with a heavy intensity infection in a set of sentinel schools. These targets are not tied to specific morbidity indicators and should be reevaluated due to the recognition that all infections have an impact on people’s health. Multiple studies have shown a strong association between urogenital schistosomiasis infection and microhematuria. In these analyses, data from children aged 6–15 years in monitoring and evaluation cohorts from five African countries were used to determine whether infection and heavy intensity infection targets could be developed, based on a prevalence of microhematuria in a school without schistosomiasis infections before and after initiation of a deworming program. Results indicate that targets of 5%, 8%, or 11% urogenital schistosomiasis infection prevalence in school-age children can be used to reliably conclude that a school is below a microhematuria prevalence of 10%, 13%, or 15%, respectively. These targets could be used by control program managers as guide to determine whether morbidity has been controlled or eliminated as a public health problem.
- Subjects :
- Physiology
RC955-962
Social Sciences
Urine
Praziquantel
Families
Schistosomiasis haematobia
Medical Conditions
Sociology
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Prevalence
Schistosomiasis
Public and Occupational Health
Microhematuria
Child
Children
Schistosoma haematobium
Aged, 80 and over
Anthelmintics
School age child
Schools
biology
Infection prevalence
Eukaryota
Middle Aged
Body Fluids
Infectious Diseases
Helminth Infections
Child, Preschool
Schistosoma
Mass Drug Administration
Public Health
Public aspects of medicine
RA1-1270
Anatomy
Research Article
Neglected Tropical Diseases
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Urogenital Schistosomiasis
Adolescent
Albendazole
Education
Young Adult
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Environmental health
Helminths
parasitic diseases
medicine
Parasitic Diseases
Animals
Humans
Africa South of the Sahara
Aged
Hematuria
business.industry
Public health
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
medicine.disease
biology.organism_classification
Tropical Diseases
medicine.icd_9_cm_classification
Invertebrates
Schistosoma Haematobium
Health Care
Tanzania
Age Groups
People and Places
Population Groupings
Health Statistics
Morbidity
business
Zoology
Biomarkers
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19352735 and 19352727
- Volume :
- 15
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....92a53eadf2f05513a8c9152381240ddb