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Sleep phenotypes of intellectual disability: a polysomnographic evaluation in subjects with Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome
- Publication Year :
- 2008
- Publisher :
- Elsevier Science Ireland Limited:PO Box 85, Limerick Ireland:011 353 61 709600, 011 353 61 61944, EMAIL: usinfo-f@elsevier.com, INTERNET: http://www.elsevier.com, Fax: 011 353 61 709114, 2008.
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Abstract
- Objective To analyze sleep architecture and NREM sleep alterations by means of the Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) in children with Down syndrome (DS) and Fragile-X syndrome (fraX), the two most common causes of inherited mental retardation, in order to find out eventual alterations of their sleep microstructure related to their mental retardation phenotypes. Methods Fourteen patients affected by fraX (mean age 13.1 years) and 9 affected by Down syndrome (mean age 13.8 years) and 26 age-matched normal controls were included. All subjects underwent overnight polysomnography in the sleep laboratory, after one adaptation night and their sleep architecture and CAP were visually scored. Results FraX subjects showed a reduced time in bed compared to DS subjects, whereas DS subjects showed a lower sleep efficiency, a higher percentage of wakefulness after sleep onset, and a reduced percentage of stage 2 NREM compared to the other groups. Furthermore, DS and fraX subjects, compared to normal controls, showed a higher percentage of stage 1 NREM and a lower percentage of REM sleep. FraX subjects showed the most disrupted sleep microstructure with low total CAP rate and CAP rate in S2 NREM. Both patient groups showed a lower percentage of A1 and higher percentage of A2 and A3 compared to normal controls. Conclusions The analysis of CAP might be able to disclose new important findings in the sleep architecture of children with mental retardation and might characterize sleep microstructural patterns of the different phenotypes of intellectual disability. Significance The NREM sleep microstructure alterations found in our subjects, associated with the reduction in REM sleep percentage, seem to be distinctive features of intellectual disability.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
Sleep Wake Disorders
medicine.medical_specialty
FRAX
Adolescent
Polysomnography
Down syndrome
Rapid eye movement sleep
Cyclic alternating pattern
Audiology
Non-rapid eye movement sleep
Statistics, Nonparametric
Settore M-PSI/04 - Psicologia Dello Sviluppo E Psicologia Dell'Educazione
Physiology (medical)
Internal medicine
Fragile-X syndrome
medicine
Humans
Child
Slow-wave sleep
NREM sleep microstructure
medicine.diagnostic_test
Sleep phenotype
Electroencephalography
medicine.disease
Sleep in non-human animals
Sensory Systems
Fragile X syndrome
Endocrinology
Phenotype
Neurology
Fragile X Syndrome
Female
Neurology (clinical)
Sleep onset
Psychology
Sleep
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....92a05c0e84d42c2fcc66112ff7e7b1ea