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The incidence of acute respiratory infection in Indonesian infants and association with vitamin D deficiency
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 3, p e0248722 (2021), PLoS ONE
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2021.
-
Abstract
- BackgroundVitamin D deficiency has been associated with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in early life, but this has not been evaluated in Indonesia. We aimed to determine the incidence of ARI in Indonesian infants, and to evaluate the association with vitamin D deficiency.MethodsFrom 23 December 2015 to 31 December 2017, we conducted a community-based prospective cohort study in Yogyakarta province. We enrolled 422 pregnant women and followed their infants from birth until 12 months of age for ARI episodes. Vitamin D status was measured at birth and at age six months. We performed Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and pneumonia incidence.ResultsAt study completion, 95% (400/422) of infants retained with a total of 412 child years of observation (CYO). The incidence of all ARI and of WHO-defined pneumonia was 3.89 (95% CI 3.70–4.08) and 0.25 (95% CI 0.21–0.30) episodes per CYO respectively. Vitamin D deficiency at birth was common (90%, 308/344) and associated with more frequent episodes of ARI non-pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio 4.48, 95% CI:1.04–19.34). Vitamin D status at birth or six months was not associated with subsequent pneumonia incidence, but greater maternal sun exposure during pregnancy was associated with a trend to less frequent ARI and pneumonia in infants.ConclusionARI, pneumonia, and vitamin D deficiency at birth were common in Indonesian infants. Minimising vitamin D deficiency at birth such as by supplementation of mothers or safe sun exposure during pregnancy has the potential to reduce ARI incidence in infants in this setting.
- Subjects :
- Male
Pediatrics
Pulmonology
Epidemiology
Maternal Health
Organic chemistry
Comorbidity
Cohort Studies
Families
0302 clinical medicine
Pregnancy
Risk Factors
Medicine and Health Sciences
Prospective Studies
030212 general & internal medicine
Vitamin D
Children
Respiratory Tract Infections
Multidisciplinary
Respiratory tract infections
Incidence
Incidence (epidemiology)
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Respiratory infection
Vitamins
Physical sciences
Chemistry
Nutritional deficiencies
Research Design
Maternal Exposure
Medicine
Female
Infants
Research Article
Cohort study
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Science
Research and Analysis Methods
vitamin D deficiency
Chemical compounds
Young Adult
03 medical and health sciences
030225 pediatrics
Organic compounds
medicine
Vitamin D and neurology
Humans
Nutrition
Vitamin D deficiency
Biology and life sciences
business.industry
Infant, Newborn
Infant
Pneumonia
medicine.disease
respiratory tract diseases
Age Groups
Indonesia
Medical Risk Factors
People and Places
Women's Health
Population Groupings
business
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 16
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....9163452a2ec081c385f5430f154a7619