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Effect of ginger root on cyclooxygenase-1 and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase expression in colonic mucosa of humans at normal and increased risk of colorectal cancer
- Publication Year :
- 2013
-
Abstract
- Elevated tissue levels of prostaglandin E2, produced by cyclooxygenase (COX), are an early event in colorectal cancer (CRC). Data suggest the efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as cancer preventives, in the inhibition of COX activity; however, side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pose unacceptable limitations. Ginger has been reported to have anti-inflammatory activities with significant CRC preventive potential. We investigated whether consumption of 2.0 g ginger daily regulated the level of two key enzymes that control prostaglandin E2 production, COX-1 and NAD(+)-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). Thirty participants at normal and 20 participants at increased risk for CRC were randomized and given 2.0 g/day ginger or placebo for 28 days. Flexible sigmoidoscopy was used to obtain colon biopsies at baseline and the end of the study. Tissue levels of COX-1 and 15-PGDH were assessed using western blotting. After ginger consumption, participants at increased risk for CRC had a significantly reduced colonic COX-1 protein level (23.8±41%) compared with the placebo group (18.9±52%; P=0.03). Protein levels of 15-PGDH in the colon were unchanged. In participants who were at normal risk for CRC, neither protein levels of COX-1 nor 15-PGDH in the colon were altered by ginger consumption. Ginger significantly lowered COX-1 protein expression in participants at increased risk for CRC but not in those at normal risk for CRC. Ginger did not alter 15-PGDH protein expression in either increased or normal-risk participants. Further investigation, in larger studies with a longer ginger intervention, is needed to examine the ability of ginger to impact tissue levels of prostaglandin.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
Cancer Research
Epidemiology
Colorectal cancer
Colon
Dehydrogenase
Pharmacology
Ginger
Plant Roots
Article
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Placebos
Young Adult
15 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
Risk Factors
Medicine
Humans
Prostaglandin E2
Intestinal Mucosa
chemistry.chemical_classification
biology
business.industry
Plant Extracts
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Cancer
Middle Aged
medicine.disease
Enzyme
Oncology
Biochemistry
chemistry
Health
biology.protein
Cyclooxygenase 1
Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases
Female
Cyclooxygenase
NAD+ kinase
business
Colorectal Neoplasms
Precancerous Conditions
Carcinoma in Situ
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....9133b0be3cc3a70c24c6a2a55e6b8068