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Role prediction of Gram-negative species in the resistome of raw cow's milk
- Source :
- International Journal of Food Microbiology. 340:109045
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Extended use of antibiotics in dairy farming for therapeutic and prophylactic reasons, but also the higher prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in the farm environment raised the concern of consuming raw cow's milk and its derived products. The aim of this study was to predict by shotgun metagenomic analyses the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) mainly correlated with Gram-negative bacteria in antibiotic residue free raw cow's milk derived exclusively from healthy animal from South Tyrol (Northern Italy), chosen as a model system. Assessment of shotgun metagenomic data of reconstructed scaffolds, revealed the existence of Pseudomonas spp. as the most abundant Gram-negative species in the raw cow's milk samples bearing ARGs. Besides, ARGs also linked to lactic acid bacteria such as Lactococcus sp. and Lactobacillus sp. ARGs correlated to microbiome found in milk samples conferred resistance towards aminoglycoside-streptothricin, beta-lactamase, macrolide, tetracycline, carbapenem, cephalosporin, penam, peptide, penem, fluoroquinolone, chloramphenicol and elfamycin antibiotics. Further bioinformatic processing included de-novo reassembly of all metagenomic sequences from all milk samples in one, to reconstruct metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs), which were further used to investigate mobile genetic elements (MGE). Analyses of the reconstructed MAGs showed that, MAG 9 (Pseudomonas sp1.) contained the oriT gene (origin of transfer gene) needed for transferring virulent factors. Although the presence of Pseudomonas is common in raw cow's milk, pasteurization treatment reduces their survivability. Nevertheless, attention should be paid on Pseudomonas spp. due to their intrinsic resistance to antibiotics and their capability of transferring virulent factors to other bacteria.
- Subjects :
- Commensal bacteria
medicine.drug_class
Tetracycline
Antibiotics
Drug Resistance
Microbiology
Intrinsic resistance
03 medical and health sciences
Antibiotic resistance
Pseudomonas
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Gram-Negative Bacteria
medicine
Animals
Pseudomonas spp
030304 developmental biology
0303 health sciences
biology
030306 microbiology
Microbiota
Chloramphenicol
Bacterial
food and beverages
General Medicine
biology.organism_classification
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Resistome
Multi-drug resistance
Milk
Genes
Italy
Genes, Bacterial
Mobile genetic elements
Cattle
Female
Metagenome
Metagenomics
Bacteria
Food Science
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 01681605
- Volume :
- 340
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Food Microbiology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....90ea347dfbd49e1f950dc6e03dcf169f