Long-Term Outcomes of Pulmonary Metastasectomy for Uterine Malignancies: A Multi-institutional Study in the Current Era

Background Information on pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) for uterine malignancies in the current era is limited. In the present study, we analyzed the clinical course and results of PM for uterine malignancies in the era of modern imaging diagnostics to clarify the role of PM in the current era in a multi-institutional setting. Methods Fifty-seven patients who underwent PM for uterine malignancies between 2006 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The short- and long-term outcomes, along with factors associated with the prognosis, were analyzed. Details of the clinical course after PM were described. Results The mean age of patients was 59.4 years. The primary tumor was located in the uterus corpus in 34 cases (60%) and in the uterus cervix in 23 cases (40%). The median disease-free interval (DFI) was 32 months. Forty patients (70%) received fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography before PM, and complete resection was achieved in 52 patients (91%). Postoperative complications occurred in 4 patients (7%). Of the 52 patients who underwent complete resection of pulmonary metastases, 28 experienced recurrence, and among these, 17 (60%) underwent local therapy, including six repeat PMs. Among the 52 patients who underwent complete resection, the 5-year relapse-free survival rate was 40.7% and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 68.8%. The univariate analysis revealed that a DFI of ≤ 24 months was associated with significantly poorer OS. Conclusions PM for uterine malignancies is safe and provides favorable long-term outcomes in selected patients. Patients with a DFI of > 24 months have better OS and are good candidates for PM.