Properties of primary mouse myoblasts expanded in culture

Implantation of myoblasts is a strategy used to enhance the regeneration of skeletal muscle tissue in vivo. In mouse models, myogenic cell lines and primary cells have been employed with different yields of adult muscle tissue formed. The present work is a study of some developmental features of expanded primary mouse myoblasts (i28), which have been shown to form muscle tissue. i28 myoblasts were differentiated in vitro and the expression of acetylcholine receptor channels and maturation of the excitation–contraction coupling mechanism were investigated using patch clamp and videoimaging techniques. In all the developing cells the embryonic isoform of the acetylcholine receptors was present. Skeletal muscle-type excitation–contraction coupling (i.e., a mechanical link between voltage-dependent calcium channels and ryanodine receptor channels) was detected in about 75% of differentiating i28 myotubes. Only these cells showed spontaneous changes in cytosolic free calcium concentration associated with twitches. Our findings are the first description of the physiological properties of expanded primary myoblasts which are used for implantation and confirm that they are a heterogeneous cell population. In comparison to permanent cell lines, the Ca2+ signaling is more similar to that described in mature nonexpanded muscle fibers. This suggests that cultured primary cells are, so far, the most suitable cell type for muscle regeneration.