Automated, semi-automated, and manual analyses of anti-cardiolipin and anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies in women with a history of miscarriage

SummaryIntroduction Anti-cardiolipin and β2-glycoprotein I antibodies represent important diagnostic parameters in routine hematology. In this study, five different automated, semi-automated, and manual immunoassays detecting IgG/IgM anti-cardiolipin and anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies were tested. Methods A total of 162 samples from women with a history of miscarriage were recruited from 110 different G&O outpatient centers in Germany. Results For both anti-cardiolipin and anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies, considerable differences in the percentage of positive results were seen between all five methods, and itemization of all positive test results revealed a poor accordance. These findings were confirmed by Cohen's kappa coefficients. Conclusion Our study revealed a moderate to poor accordance between five different test systems for anti-cardiolipin and anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies. Such deviations may result in clinical misinterpretation of data and may lead to wrong therapeutic consequences. Therefore, further standardization of all tests for anti-phospholipid antibodies should be achieved.