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TGF-β Activity of a Demineralized Bone Matrix

Authors :: Anes Omerbasic
Jila Nasirzade
Reinhard Gruber
Layla Panahipour
Source :: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Volume 22, Issue 2, Panahipour, Layla; Omerbasic, Anes; Nasirzade, Jila; Gruber, Reinhard (2021). TGF-β Activity of a Demineralized Bone Matrix. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(2) MDPI 10.3390/ijms22020664 , International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 664, p 664 (2021)
Publication Year :: 2020
Abstract: Allografts consisting of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) are supposed to retain the growth factors of native bone. However, it is not clear if transforming growth factor &beta 1 (TGF-&beta 1) is maintained in the acid-extracted human bone. To this aim, the aqueous solutions of supernatants and acid lysates of OraGRAFT&reg Demineralized Cortical Particulate and OraGRAFT&reg Prime were prepared. Exposing fibroblasts to the aqueous solution caused a TGF-&beta receptor type I kinase-inhibitor SB431542-dependent increase in interleukin 11 (IL11), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) expression. Interleukin 11 expression and the presence of TGF-&beta 1 in the aqueous solutions were confirmed by immunoassay. Immunofluorescence further confirmed the nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 when fibroblasts were exposed to the aqueous solutions of both allografts. Moreover, allografts released matrix metalloprotease-2 activity and blocking proteases diminished the cellular TGF-&beta response to the supernatant. These results suggest that TGF-&beta is preserved upon the processing of OraGRAFT&reg and released by proteolytic activity into the aqueous solution.