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Smoking habit as a risk amplifier in chronic kidney disease patients
- Source :
- Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021), Scientific Reports
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Nature Portfolio, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Several studies showed the association between non-traditional risk factors [proteinuria and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)] and cardiovascular (CV) and renal outcomes. Nevertheless, the etiologic role of traditional CV risk factors in referred CKD patients is less defined. Herein, we examined the association between smoking habit and CV events, mortality and CKD progression. We undertook an observational analysis of 1306 stage III–V CKD patients. Smoking habit was modeled as a categorical (never, current or former smokers) and continuous (number of cigarettes/day) variable. Mean eGFR was 35.8 ± 12.5 mL/min/1.73 m2. Never, current and former smokers were 61.1%, 10.8% and 28.1%. During a median follow-up of 2.87 years, current and former smokers were at significant risk for CV events (HRs of 1.93 [95% CI, 1.18–3.16] and 1.44 [95% CI, 1.01–2.05]) versus never smokers. Current smokers were at increased mortality risk (HR 2.13 [95% CI, 1.10–4.11]). Interactions were found between former smokers and proteinuria (p = 0.007) and diabetes (p = 0.041) for renal risk, and between current smokers and male gender (p = 0.044) and CKD stage V (p = 0.039) for renal and mortality risk. In referred CKD patients, smoking habit is independently associated with CV events and mortality. It acts as a risk “amplifier” for the association between other risk factors and renal outcomes.
- Subjects :
- Male
medicine.medical_specialty
Smoking habit
Science
030232 urology & nephrology
smoking habit
Renal function
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
urologic and male genital diseases
Article
03 medical and health sciences
Medical research
0302 clinical medicine
Internal medicine
Diabetes mellitus
Cardiovascular Disease
medicine
Humans
Significant risk
Stage (cooking)
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Multidisciplinary
Proteinuria
business.industry
Risk Factor
Smoking
Middle Aged
medicine.disease
Former Smoker
Survival Analysis
Risk factors
Italy
Cardiovascular Diseases
Nephrology
Medicine
Female
medicine.symptom
business
Kidney disease
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Human
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20452322
- Volume :
- 11
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Scientific Reports
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....8ee3a9e0ea7be9d164c9300adafa355b