Aortic compliance variation in long male distance triathletes: A new insight into the athlete’s artery?

International audience; Objectives: To assess cardiac and vascular adaptations in long-distance male triathletes and the influence of an increased training volume on these parameters. Design: Case-control study using long-distance male triathletes (Tri) (n = 12) and an age-matched cohort of sedentary volunteers (Ctrl). Methods: All participants gave an informed consent and underwent a Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance imaging (CMR) exam to measure left and right ventricle functional parameters, and aortic parameters (surface, strain, compliance, pulse wave velocity). This exam was repeated in the triathletes' group after an increased training volume of at least 2 h/week for six weeks. Results: Compared to control volunteers, triathletes presented at baseline a typical pattern of athlete's heart (higher end-diastolic, end-systolic and stroke volumes index, p ≤ 0.009, and lower cardiac rate, p = 0.015) but similar vascular characteristics except a trend towards an enlarged ascending aorta (surface 942 ± 106 vs 812 ± 127 mm 2 , p = 0.058). Between the two visits, the triathletes increased their weekly training time from 9.67 ± 2.43 (Tri1) to 12.15 ± 3.01 h (Tri2): no modifications were found regarding cardiac parameters, but compliance and distensibility of the ascending aorta increased, from 2.60 to 3.34 mm 2 /mmHg (p = 0.028) and from 3.36 to 4.40 × 10 −3 mmHg −1 (p = 0.048) respectively. Conclusions: Using CMR, we showed that vascular characteristics of the ascending aorta may vary along the sport season in endurance athletes. This remodelling could be considered as a physiological adaptation, but could eventually lead to an adverse vascular remodelling.